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[JLPT N1 Test] Reading comprehension related knowledge points

学生センター窓口でしか申請できない期間がある

There is a period when you can only apply at the Student Center window.

Here I want to mention "しか". Don't miss it. I did this wrong question entirely because I didn't see "しか". So I warn you that you must pay close attention to this "しか". It is so short that you can easily miss it.

学生センター窓口で申請できない期間がある

There is a period when you cannot apply at the Student Center window.

This is what I saw, so I got it wrong.

Let's look at another example:

それは人間が、外の世界との関わり合いを通じてしか自分が存在する実感を得ることができず、またそれを常に渇望していることを示している。

It shows that human beings can only get a sense of their existence through their involvement with the outside world and are always hungry for it.

I marked the key part "しか" in red. You may find that as long as "しか" appears, "ない" and "ず" will appear afterwards.

Whenever "しか" appears, your first impression should be "only in this way". And indeed, it also expresses this meaning. "human beings can only get a sense of their existence through ..."

Please keep in mind that this usage often appears in Japanese, usually when describing a large paragraph of text. The N1 exam also likes to appear this kind of sentence pattern very much.


こ希望の便が確保できましたら、田川様のご自宅宛に確認書を送りします。

Once we have confirmed the required flight, we will send a confirmation letter to Mr. Tagawa's home.

"たら" refers to the continuation word here. Usually, "たら" means "if". Similarly, it is also very short and easily overlooked. We need to pay great attention to this word.

あらゆる=every/all(Including unknown)

すべて=all(Not including unknown)

なんらかの形で=In some way

畑仕事=Field work

何らかの=some

  • 何らかの理由で/With some reason
  • 何らかの報酬をさしあげる/Give some reward
  • 何らかの貢献をする/Make some contribution
  • 何らかの手をうつ/Take some measures


とおして=通して=through

ほかならぬ=ほかならない=Nothing but

要するに=in short

いわく=Here, as is often said

問いかけ=Question

問いかけに応じる。/Answer question.

やって来た=Emphasize the meaning of coming to somewhere from a distance

ブランド=brand

~にわたって=~Involved

彼は長年にわたって、会社に貢献(こうけん)してきた。=He has contributed to the company for many years.

展示会(てんじかい)は一週間にわたって開催(かいさい)される。=The exhibition will be held for a week.

昨日夜中(よなか)数回(すうかい)にわたって吐き、大変だった。=I vomited several times yesterday night and it was hard.

において=in

ここで再び、本質の問いかけが浮かんできます。

Here again, the question of the essence comes to mind.

惹きつけ=Attract

異なる豊かな=Different rich

生き生き=lively

その土地の人たちが生き生きと暮らしていれば、訪れた人はきっとその理由を見つけたくなる。

If the people in the area live a lively life, the visitors will surely want to find out the reason.

~てくる=come
~ていく=to go
もたらす=bring
イライラ=Frustrated

だったり=and so on

揺さぶる=Shake(The feeling of heart shock)

浸っている=Soaked

心地よさ=Comfort

心地よい=Comfortable

包まれている=Wrapped

慣れ親しむ=Get used to

とぼしい=乏しい=poor

だからこそ、あえて不安と狂気、驚きといった刺激をもたらしてくれる天邪鬼としての芸術が社会には必要なのである。
That is why society needs art as an evil spirit that dares to bring stimuli such as anxiety, madness, and surprise.

包摂性=Inclusion

~がち=easy to/tend to

なりがち=Tend to be


時代の変化を感じさせる作品を世に出さなければならない。=We have to put out a work that makes us feel the change of the times。

作品を世に出し続けていかなければならない。=We must continue to release our works.


今私たちの多くは、社会など動かしようがないと考えているのではないでしようか。

Nowadays, I think many of us believe that there is no way to change the society.

など=Such

ようがない=Can't help

にもかかわらず=In spite of


いかに...か=How
いかに+adjective/verb simplified +か
いかにこれらの事件に対処べきか。
How should we deal with these cases?

この社会がいかにあるべきかは、まったく別のことです。
How this society should be is a completely different thing.


②たしかにこの社会は動かし難い。それは事実です。しかし、そのことと、この社会がいかにあるべきかは、全く別のことです。にもかかわらず、目の前の現実に依拠して、私たちの行為の正しさやよさが決められてしまう。

It is true that this society is hard to change (make action to it). That's exactly true. But "that" and "how this society should be" are two entirely different things. Nevertheless, the rightness or goodness of our actions is determined by the reality in front of us.

③これでは現実に不正義が行われていても、それを問うことはできません。
in such case, we can not question the injustice made in reality.


References:
[1] https://hinative.com/zh-CN/questions/16781696

This article was last edited at 2020-12-06 09:00:40

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