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Listen to part of lecture in a theatre theater history class.
One of things New york City is known for is its bright way theatres Broadway theaters, big productions, a libraries near the god elaborate musicals. Why are the A lot of moneys goes into producing a musical, with the actors, customs costumes, scenery and so on. The shows are designed to appeal to large audiences, to make the production finish riviable financially viable. But theartre theater didn't always appeal to the masses, in the middle of 19 century it was mostly wealthy resident who was were going to abroad way Broadway, they would see an operator opera that was probably red written and produced in Europe before making it way to New York. It was seem scene for, well the socially promnent socially prominent, the upper class, who attten attended these functions, perhaps, because they felt ??? obligated rather than because of a genuine interest in theater.
But in the 1860s, something else started to occur. The middle-class population began to grow, and they were looking for a source of entertainment. They Keep that in mind, where while I talked about theatre a theater on their name, owner named Willian weekly William Wheatley. In 1866, William Wheatley had this show, and it was different from most shows that brought on Broadway that at the time, because it wasn't an opera. And it was developed right here in the United-States in English unlike the operist operas which were typically in Italian or French. Wheatley also decided to incorporate some fasing fancy production techniques, stage facts effects. The show also included music to make it more entertaining, and through a stroke of luck, a world we noun world-renown ballet true troop became available just as Wheatley's show was about to open. So he didn't hesitate to include the ballet dancer in his production. Along the this lines of those special affects that I metion mentioned, Wheatley redesigned the entire stage for the show. Every floor ball board on the stage could lifted up or pushed down. They were all movable. This allowed for trap doors be placed any where on the stage. So, pieces of the set of the scenery could easily be stored beneath the stage. And these trap doors also gave performers another less traditional way to enter an exhibit and exit this the stage. While today we might not think much of it, things like this are standered standard nowadays. The concept are quite novel at the time of Wheatley's show, while today we might not think much of it, since they're standard nowadays. And was one of the things that made the show a heat hit with audiences.
Another intervative innovative element in the show was a scene called the "transformation scene", during this scene, the audience watched in amazement that as the setting on stage changed from moon moonlit like cave to a trhone throne room in a pows palace. Normally to have these this type of major thing scene change, the curtain was closed would close, the stage group crew would remove the previous set, and replace it with the new one, and then, the curtains would open again. In this instance sell though, the transformation took place in front of the audience using simple machinery. And this is the fact, it effect left the last a lasting thing impression on everyone he who saw Wheatley's production.
In fact, these those people were possibly probably disappointed when they saw another show that didn't contain something as, well, as liber elaborate or exciting. So, look, when it promierd premiered, Wheatley's show took audiences by surprise, it appealed to a large crowds including the growing middle class. The show around ran for almost 2 year straight in new york city. And ,an the achievement, unheard of when at the time the when production typically last at lasted weeks or months, not years. It also went on tour visiting different cities across the United States for over 25 years. So, the show was quite a success.
And with all that in mind, Some people call Wheatley's show the first musical ubroadway on Broadway. Now our corredefnation current definition of a musical is that it tells the story through dialog dialogue and song. In Wheatley's show, the musical sections, well, they did't necessarily integrate well with story. Giving an overall impression of something more like a variety show. Yes everything was loosely focused around the central thing scene, so maybe it's fair to say, then the show gave the audiences a hint of new form of musical theatre that would automately ultimately appear on abroad way Broadway in the decades to flow follow.
提到纽约文明的事物之一便是它的百老汇剧院。许多钱都被投入到制作音乐剧上。但是早期并不是这样的。早期的百老汇剧院一般都是表演那些从欧洲带过来的opera，而且显然只有贵族阶级会去看，尽管贵族阶级回去看，但也看起来是被强制性的、并不是真的喜欢opera，贵族因为有社交集会，所以看opera被变成了义务性质的东西。而百老汇做出了改变，它产生了音乐剧，从根本上出现了带有本地特色的production，让中产阶级也喜欢起来。
Opera：歌剧
Drama：话剧（也有翻译为“戏剧”的，但是国外戏剧还是用theatre的多，详细请看：drama和play有什么区别？ - 文学）
Musical Theatre：音乐剧。以上三种都分别是戏剧形式之一，但是歌剧对演员的要求偏向声乐表现，唱功好，形象差一点不要紧；话剧一般以念白为主，对演员的其他表演能力没有很高的要求；唯有音乐剧，是要求演员能做到“三项（歌舞演）结合”（triple threat）。
不容易听出来单词和短语：
a libraries near the godelaborate musicals （听成了什么东西，草）Why are theA lot of （这里的语气有点怪）customscostumes 服饰abroad wayBroadway （我倒是觉得要是从一开始听不出来Broadway是百老汇的话，有很多地方会听不懂）- world-renown 世界闻名
不认识的单词：
- Broadway theaters 百老汇剧院（草）（虽然不认识Broadway，但是翻译成百老汇真的生草，难道不应该翻译成“大道”剧院嘛）
- elaborate musicals 精心制作的音乐剧
- musical 音乐剧
- financially viable 财务上可行
- masses 大众
- socially 社交上
- prominent 重要的;著名的;杰出的;显眼的;
- prominent 社会知名
- obligated 有义务;强制性的
- genuine 真正的
- William Wheatley 威廉·惠特利
- incorporate 融合
- fancy 花哨的
- stroke (打、击等的)一下 （我记得这个单词还有“笔触”的意思）
- troop 部队
- ballet troop 芭蕾舞团
- innovative 创新的
- transformation scene 转型现场 | 变换场景
- throne 王座
- crew 全体人员
- elaborate 精心制作的
- premiered 首映
- dialogue 对话
- integrate 整合
- ultimately 最终
不熟悉的地道的表达方式：
- attended these functions 参加了这些活动
- fancy production techniques 花式生产技术
- through a stroke of luck 碰运气
- lifted up 举起
- trap 陷阱
- novel 小说
- trap doors 活板门
- quite novel 很新颖
- hit 巨大冲击
- And with all that in mind 考虑到所有这些
- it's fair to say 公平地说 | 可以这么说
- a variety show 综艺节目