上一篇：托福备考第35天——TPO听力材料分析（TPO3）（一）
读写并高亮后的结果：
Listen to part of lecture in an environmental science class.
Professor: Now, we've been talking about the loss of animal habitat from housing developments, uh .., growing cities -small habitat losses. But today l wanna begin talking about what happens when habitat is reduced across a large area. There are, of course, animal species that require large areas of habitat, and some migrate over very long distances. So what's the impact of habitat loss on those animals - animals that need large areas of habitat?
Well, 'll use the humming birds as an example. Now you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it is really tiny, it migrates over very long distances, travels up and down the western hemisphere - the Americas, back and forth between where it breeds in the summer and the warmer climates where it spends the winter. So you would say that this whole area over which it migrates is its habitat because on this long distance journey, it needs to come down to feed and sleep every so often, right?
Well, the humming bird beats its wings - get this - about 3 thousand times per minute. So you think, wow,it must need a lot of energy, a lot of food, right?Well, it does. lt drinks a lot of nectar from fiowers and feeds on some insects, but it's energy efficient too.You can't say it isn't. l mean, as it flies all the way across the Gulf of Mexico, it uses up none of its body fat.
But that doesn't mean it doesn't need to eat. So humming birds have to rely on plants in their natural habitat. And it goes without saying, but the opposite is true as well, plants depend on humming birds too. There are some flowers that can only be pollinated by the humming birds. Without it stopping to feed and spread pollen from flower to flower, these plants would cease to exist.
But the problem, well, as natural habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds.Their nesting sites are affected too, the same by the same sorts of human activities. And all of these activities pose a real threat to the hummingbird population. So to help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats.
And one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas and then replanting flowers, um, replanting native flowers that humming birds feed on. Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help save their habitat. As the number of visitors, eco-tourists who come to humming bird habitats to watch the birds, the more the number of visitors grows, the more local businesses' profit, so ecological tourism can bring financial rewards,all the more reason to value these beautiful little creatures in their habitat, right?
But to understand more about how to protect and support the humming birds the best we can, we've got to learn morea bout their breeding, nesting sites and migration routes, and also about the natural habitats we find there. That should help us determine how to prevent further decline in the population. A good research method, a good way to learn more, is by running a banding study.
Banding the birds allows us to track them over their lifetime. lts been a practice that's been used by researchers for years. In fact, most of what we known about humming birds comes from banding studies, where we capture a hummingbird and make sure all the information about it, like its weight and age and length, are all recorded and put into an international information database.
And then we place an extremely lightweight band on one of its legs, well, what looks like a leg, although technically its considered part of the bird's foot. Anyway, these bands are perfectly safe, and some humming birds have worn them for years with no evidence of any problems.The band is labeled with a tracking number, oh, and there is a phone numberon the band for people to call for free, to report a banded bird they've found or recaptured.
So when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about its migration route, its growth, and how long it has been alive, its lifespan. One recaptured bird had been almost 12 years earlier - she was one of the oldest hummingbirds on record. Another interesting thing we've learned is that some humming birds, um, they no longer use a certain route.They travel by a different route to reach their destination. And findings like these have been of interest to biologists and environmental scientists in a number of countries who are trying to understand the complexities of how changes in a habitat affect the species in it.
简析：
这节环境科学lecture主要讲了蜂鸟。由人们的活动可能会影响一些动物的栖息地，从而导致它们的行为的变动以及数量上的减少。
蜂鸟需要large habitats，不仅是它们的栖息地，就连它们的迁移路线也算栖息地的一种。蜂鸟的翅膀非常有力，而且蜂鸟的飞行是非常有效率的，它们虽然需要大量的能量通过不停的补充花蜜和虫子，但是飞行时是不会消耗额外的脂肪的。沿着它们迁移路线的部分植物是与蜂鸟相辅相成的，这些植物的授粉非常依赖蜂鸟，一旦没有蜂鸟传粉，这些植物很快就会灭绝。
不熟悉的单词：
- tiny 微小的
- hummingbirds 蜂鸟
- hemisphere 半球
- back and forth 来回
- forth 向前
- breeds 交配繁殖
- nectar 花蜜
- the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾
- pollinated 授粉的
- cattle 牛
- concrete 具体的
- ecological tourism 生态旅游
- banding 带状
- capture 捕获
- labeled 标记的
- recaptured 重新捕获
值得注意的表达方式：
- cease to exist 不复存在
- a banding study 电子条带捆绑研究